USED TO

•The word used to refer to a definite time in the past.

•Used to is used for showing habit in the past time.

Examples:
I used to go to the movies a lot.
•Used to is used for regular actions or events in the past that no longer happen.
Examples:
I used to play badminton twice a week, but now I only play once a month.

Example in dialogue:

Tika  : Do you play tennis?
Risky  : I used to play a lot, but I haven’t played for years.
Tika  : Do you enjoy playing?
Rizky  : Very much. But I never have time.
Tika  : Are you very good?
Rizky  : I used to be OK.
Tika  : Would you like a game?
Risky  : Of course.
Tika  : When can you get away?
Risky  : How about Friday, after work?
Tika  : That would suit me.
Risky  : Do you know where we can play?

Tika  : There are courts at our gym. I’ll reserve one.

KETERANGAN:

Sumber: ~ http://setyawanmartha.wordpress.com/category/bahasa-inggris/

NOUN CLAUSE

A noun clause is an entire clause which takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase. Like a noun, a noun clause acts as the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition, answering the questions "who(m)?" or "what?". Consider the following examples:

noun

I know Latin.

noun clause

I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native language.

In the first example, the noun "Latin" acts as the direct object of the verb "know." In the second example, the entire clause "that Latin ..." is the direct object.
In fact, many noun clauses are indirect questions:

noun

Their destination is unknown.

noun clause

Where they are going is unknown.

The question "Where are they going?," with a slight change in word order, becomes a noun clause when used as part of a larger unit -- like the noun "destination," the clause is the subject of the verb "is."

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions

Etymology : con (to) + junct (join) + ion
Conjunctions are words that do the work of joining two words,phrases,clauses or sentences.They basically do the function of joining.

They are classified as :
Cordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions
Double conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction : joins two unequal parts.In a complex sentence it joins the subordinate clause to a main clause.
Cordinating conjunction : joins two equal parts.In a compound sentence it does the function of joining two main clauses.

Subordinating conjunctions : here's a list of few subordinting conjunctions and the meaning they convey.

•after : indicates time
•although : concession
•as : reason
•as if : conditional
•as long as
•as much as
•as soon as : indicates time
•as though
•because : reason
•before : time or position
•even
•even if : condition
•even though : concession
•if : conditional
•if only
•if when
•if then

ARGUING

argument,  in logic, reasons that support a conclusion, sometimes formulated so that the conclusion is deduced from premises. Erroneous arguments are called fallacies in logic (see fallacy). In mathematics, an argument is a variable in the domain of a function and usually appears symbolically in parentheses following the functional symbol.

Dialogue:

A : Do you ever play golf?
B : Hardly ever. I've only played a few times. I'd rather mount-biking.
A : There isn't much excitement in mount-biking, it is too dangerous as well.
B : But, on the other hand, you get just as much exercise and you can do it by your self.
      What's more, you don't have to buy expensive equipment and to rent unreasonable golf course.
A : What about those expensive mount-bike?
B : Still, playing golf is much more expensive than mount-biking.

KETERANGAN:

Sumber: ~  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33993/argument
              ~ Buku Paket Bahasa Inggris halaman109

EXPRESSING AGREEMENT

Expressing agreement:

• I agree with you 100 percent.
• I couldn't agree with you more.
• That's so true.
• That's for sure.
• (slang) Tell me about it!
• You're absolutely right.
• Absolutely.
• That's exactly how I feel.
• Exactly.
• I'm afraid I agree with James.
• I have to side with Dad on this one.
• No doubt about it.
• (agree with negative statement) Me neither.
• (weak) I suppose so./I guess so.
• You have a point there.
• I was just going to say that.

EXPRESSING OPINIONS

Ways to say it: Expressing opinions
Asking other people’s opinions:
What do you think of ….
- Is that true that ….
- Do you think it’s going …
- Why do they behave like that?
- Do you have any idea?
- How do you like …..?
- Please give me your frank opinion.
- What’s your opinion?

GIVING and RESPONDING to COMPLAIMENT

Everyone likes to hear compliments. Compliments make people feel good about themselves, and we all need that at times. Hotel guests and staff are no exceptions. Guests may give hotel staff compliments for the quality of their service, for their English ability, for their appearance in an unique uniform, or for doing something a little extra for the guest.
A hotel staff may give a guest a compliment about how they look in a newly purchased outfit, or for their patience when a problem arises, or for a beautiful new hair style after visiting a beauty parlor. Look at the expressions below that can be used when giving and responding to compliments.
Expression Of Giving Compaliment
Giving Complaiments

—That’s a very nice …(dress).

—Great job on the …(presentation).

—You look very good in … (that new hair-do).

—This dish is delicious, my compliments to the chef.

—That … (tie) looks great on you.

—

Responses to compliments

—How kind of you to say so.

—Thank you.

—I’m glad you like it.

—It was nothing really. (an expression of modesty and humility)

Learn the expressions used for giving compliments to others. Practice by saying them loudly.

—Your performance on the stage is amazing.

—How wonderful to listen to  your  great voice.

—How mar vellous .

—Great ! (You look great) / Great for  you.

—Terrific ! (Hey, that’s terrific !)

—Fantastic!

—Smashing.

—That’s really remarkable /well  done.

EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

The following are some  examples of expressions for showing certainty and doubt.
Certainty:
1. I’m sure about it.
2. I’m quite sure that he told the truth.
3. I’m absolutely sure about the news.
4. I’m no doubt about it.
5. I’m absolutely certain that he told the truth.
6. I’m sure/certain about …..
7. I’ve no doubt about ……
8. I’m sure/certain about …..
9. I’ve no doubt about …… 

BARGAINING or HAGGLE

Bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service dispute the price which will be paid and the exact nature of the transaction that will take place, and eventually come to an agreement.

Bargaining is an alternative pricing strategy to fixed prices. Optimally, if it costs the retailer nothing to engage and allow bargaining, he can divine the buyer’s willingness to spend. It allows for capturing more consumer surplus as it allows price discrimination, a process whereby a seller can charge a higher price to one buyer who is more eager (by being richer or more desperate). Haggling has largely disappeared in parts of the world where the cost to haggle exceeds the gain to retailers for most common retail items. However, for expensive goods sold to uninformed buyers such as automobiles, bargaining can remain commonplace.
Answer the following questions orally :

—Do you like to go shopping?

—Where do you usually go shopping?

—When do you usually go to shopping?

—What do you usually buy?

—How do you pay for the purchase?

—Do you ever use a credit card?

Now, practice expressions used in bergaining / shopping :

—Is there any discount?

—What about Rp. 50.000,- for each book?

—Can you make it for $ 1 ?

—What  about 20% off?

—How about Rp. 10.000,- per kilogram?

—Etc.

GIVING and RESPONDING INVITATION

Theory

Giving and Responding Invitation

Giving invitation is an expression that is disclosed when there is someone who wants to ask other persons to come to a place or when there is someone who asks others to do something for him/her.

Expressions of Giving and Responding Invitation

Giving Invitation	Responding Invitation
	Receiving	Refusing
Would you like to.....? e.q.: Would you like to come to my party?	I’d like to	I’d love to but.... e.q.: I’d love to but I have a lot of homework.
Would you mind joining us to.....? e.q. : Would you mind joining us to go to Bali?	I would. Thank you.	I wish I could but.... e.q. : I wish I could but I have to see the            doctor.
Shall we...? e.q. : Shall we go to the cinema together?	That would be nice	Thank you for asking me, but.... e.q.: Thank you for asking me, but I don’t have enough money.
What about.... ? e.q. :What about having dinner in Shangrilla Hotel?	Wondeful/ Great	I’m sorry but I think I can’t.
Why don’t we..? e.q. ; Why don’t we go to the zoo?	All right	Sorry, I can’t. But thanks anyway.

(Source: http://inilahblogsaya.wordpress.com/2011/04/09/materi-fact-and-figures-giving-invitation/)

How to take note:

There are several tips for getting the information about note taking in listening.

1.      Read the question carefully first

2.      Listen to the recorded tape carefully and notice for the statements related to the question

3.      Note down the important statements. Do not write in complete sentence; write only the important words and phrases.

4.      Using symbols in your notes will help you write more quickly. Here are some symbols you can use: &: and, @: at, w/: with, w/o: without, 2:  two, to, too, e.g. : example, etc.

(source: www.esl-lab.com/subjects/listening/notetaking)